Seeds of Change

Dan Barber and the Rise of the Honeynut Squash

 

Dan Barber has a thing for seeds. He was nerding out about them on a recent Saturday at the Food Tank Summit, a conference aimed at bringing together some of the biggest leaders in food to discuss the problems and possible solutions of today’s troubled food system. Barber sat down onstage with journalist Jeff Gordinier as among the last but surely most anticipated speakers at the summit.

The Chef

Dan Barber made his name as a chef—first at Blue Hill restaurant in New York City, then presiding over the kitchen and fields at the idyllic Blue Hill at Stone Barns in Tarrytown, NY. His restaurants collectively hold three Michelin stars and he appears in the hit Netflix series Chef’s Table, but he’s also passionate about agriculture, biodiversity, and breeding more flavorful crops. That’s what led him to urge Michael Mazourek to develop the pint-sized, big-flavored honeynut squash—the vegetable that kicked off the conversation at his Food Tank panel.

The Breeder

Mazourek, a vegetable breeder at Cornell university, was visiting the kitchen at Stone Barns in 2009 when Barber challenged him: “why don’t you breed a butternut that tastes good?” His gripe was that the butternut, that voluptuous, khaki-colored staple of supermarket shelves, was watery and disappointingly bland. Flash forward to 2015. Working with Barber, Mazourek had developed and brought to market the honeynut: a shrunken-down, concentrated version of the butternut. The honeynut’s tan skin conceals a brilliant orange flesh so sweet and flavorful it needs no embellishment in the roasting—plus it’s lighter in water and richer in beta carotene than butternut squash.

 

A Tasty New Variety

The honeynut’s rise has been precipitous. They’ve carved out a presence at Whole Foods and Costco. On a recent Wednesday at Union Square farmers market, nearly every squash-growing farm displayed the cute cucurbits. According to Barber at Food Tank, Blue Apron this year purchased 2.3 million pounds of them for its meal kits—up from 1.89 pounds in 2017.

 

Subversion Through Seeds

But it’s not just about the taste, it’s political too. Out of the honeynut’s success Barber, Mazourek, and seedsman Matthew Goldfarb launched the company Row 7 last year. Their website’s homepage announces “A Seed Company Dedicated to Deliciousness,” but as Barber explained at the conference, it’s also dedicated to disrupting the status quo. Today, consumers and chefs have access to far fewer varieties than in the past, and those that dominate the market have been mostly bred for efficiency in yield and transportability—not actual flavor. Barber further explained that seed companies are incentivized to breed weak plants that need lots of inputs to thrive—not so great on the gustatory or environmental fronts. Mega corporations in large part control what gets to consumers, and according to Barber, “Big seed and big chemical are the same thing.” It’s all part of the industrialization of our food.

By nurturing collaborations between seed growers and chefs, Barber stated that his goal is to “upend the idea that [big agribusiness] can dictate and own the seeds.”

Gordinier chimed in: “Seeds are punk rock.”

Roasted Honeynut Squash with Mascarpone-Maple Cream and Brown Butter Toasted Seeds

Roasted Honeynut Squash with Mascarpone-Maple Cream and Brown Butter Toasted Seeds

Interview with Michèle Kim of La Petite Occasion

Michèle Kim’s station wagon trunk is crammed, crate on crate, with macoun apples. Macouns, she tells me, are her crisp go-to for caramel apples, which she is in the thick of producing for her company, La Petite Occasion—also a purveyor of caramel candies, toffees, and other confections. We meet in the parking lot of Arethusa al Mano, a café in Bantam, CT whose flagship dairy is across the street. Michèle has just picked up her haul of apples from the orchard and intends to sample Arethusa’s dairy products as potential ingredients for her candies. In between errands, we sit down for coffee and talk grilled cheese, bodybuilding, CBD, and of course candy-making.

 

Hey Michèle, what’s in season now?

Right now, apples are in season, so we make a wonderful apple cider caramel that uses reduced cider from an orchard called Harvest Moon Farm and Orchard in North Salem, New York. We also, for the farmers’ markets and the orchard, make caramel apples…300-400 caramel apples a week for this particular orchard.

What is your earliest food memory?

Probably the open-faced grilled cheese sandwiches that my mother used to make with gruyère cheese. Sounds totally mainstream now, but I grew up outside of Detroit, so gruyère cheese was not mainstream at the time. However, I’m half Swiss, so my mother remembered the wonderful nutty flavors of gruyère. I was probably one of the most popular kids in the area because it was something new and different. Kids in the mid-70’s didn’t usually have (that).

How do your early food memories and experiences inform your company and what you make now?

I have a very European sensibility. The whole small batch, small producer, small product is just kind of ingrained in me. Even though we went to grocery stores and did the mainstream stuff, our small batch products are definitely created from my memories as a kid.

Where did you learn the art of confection?

The very first step was definitely in culinary school. I went to the Institute of Culinary Education—which started as Peter Kump’s. I remember making truffles, and the pastry chef was incensed because I was always covered in chocolate, and as we know the art of confection is supposed to be very neat and exact. I was diving in! Chocolate, all the way.

And then professionally?

I continued to expand my knowledge of confections when I worked at Eleven Madison Park for chef Nicole Kaplan in 2000 until the beginning of 2001, and I worked in pastry, so I made toffee, and I helped her with ganache, and we made caramels and just everything. I personally found at the time that I just was more interested—and I have to say better—at doing candy than dealing with gluten. Gluten and I don’t get along, we are just not friends, we don’t work together well. But me and sugar, well that’s a completely different thing. I always had a sweet tooth.

You spoke earlier about seeking out local ingredients. How has your relationship with your suppliers evolved over the life of your business?

In culinary school (in 2000) we were introduced to the Slow Food movement. Back to my childhood, it reminded me of when I would go to Switzerland to visit my father, how he would have a little shop for everything. He would get dairy one place, he would get beef another place, he had a relationship with all these small shops, he knew the owners. My great-aunt actually owned her own restaurant in a little town called Colombier, in Switzerland. So all of that adds together to form this desire to become more locally connected with small-batch producers in Westchester, Dutchess County, Putnam County. When we moved up (from New York City to Mahopac) it was great, and immediately it just kind of clicked together. Probably my closest relationship with a dairy producer is with Hudson Valley Fresh, a co-op of 10 farms in the Poughkeepsie/Hudson Valley area. Literally the cows are milked, it’s pasteurized and homogenized, put on the truck, the truck delivers it to the main facility, it’s bottled, then put on the delivery trucks and then we get it, so it’s a really fast process, and it’s just extremely fresh. I love that. I love the fact that every single batch we make is a little different based on what the cow’s been eating that day. I call myself a candy farmer because I believe that we literally use so many local farm ingredients that we kind of farm our candy! 

What has it been like selling at farmers’ markets?

In the fall and the winter especially, we sell our caramels at a different farmers’ market each weekend. And because we’re not at the same spot more than once a month, our sales do really well. Because we’ve developed a following, they’re waiting for us. And we have a wonderful relationship with the other vendors at the market. We trade caramels for cheese, and greens, and produce, and amazing bread like Wave Hill Bread in Connecticut. It works really nicely.

Part of your identity is small batch. Do you ever think of scaling up?

I would like to continue being small batch but scale up, which sounds crazy, but I think that one issue that a lot of people like myself have is that when they start getting bigger they lose a little bit of that personality in their product. That’s one of the reasons that we’ve stayed small, because I refuse to do that. One thing is that our caramels have no stabilizers in them at all. I’ve always wanted to have a caramel that is literally a five-ingredient base, and we’ve been able to do that. However, once you get into distribution and you’re starting to ship West Coast, or even mid-country, it gets tricky, so my goal right now is just permeate New York State. Right now, I just want to make sure that whatever we do, we can maintain the integrity of our product. 

 

Just for example, today, I am shipping a care package to a body builder! A female body builder in Gilbert, Arizona. People who are really into fitness, they want clean ingredients, they want something that’s simple, they want something that’s five ingredients. So it’ll be interesting to see how that package holds up shipping to a state where it’s 90 degrees right now.

How did you link up to a bodybuilder in Arizona?

Harvest Moon Orchard, who provides us with the apples (and) apple cider…the sister of the manager is a fitness nut, and she started to get into bodybuilding. After her first competition I sent her a little care package. Well, she took this great photo in her bikini, onstage, eating a caramel and it was awesome, so all these people started to follow us that were in that fitness world, so that’s how that started. It’s really strange how all these things are interconnected.

On another wellness note, can you describe a bit about the new product that you’re developing?

Well, right now, we’re testing only; we’re working with a local hemp oil manufacturer that is based upstate. I’m not putting out their name because they haven’t launched yet. We’re testing an organic, vegan caramel. We’ve had a couple people test it, and so far it’s going well. Right now, New York State is very strict; you are not allowed to sell CBD (cannabidiol) food products and that’s actually an FDA thing, so once the FDA gets everything all set up, then we’ll be ready to go. Right now, we’re just preparing, we have no idea when this is going to be—it could be in a year, or it could be five. But a lot of states, especially Kentucky, are really pushing to get FDA approval for edibles—and that is hemp edibles, not cannabis. It’s different! Hemp does not have THC, or it has extremely small quantities.

Food production tends to be repetitive, and at times monotonous. Do you have any tricks to get through a big order?

I actually prefer the bigger batches, because it’s easier to focus when you have a large order. Normally each batch that we produce is about seven pounds. A couple years ago, we had a tasting box company use our caramels. This is the largest we’ve ever done: approximately 8000 pieces. That takes about a week to do. So we hire extra people to help cut and wrap. The production itself I don’t mind, but to actually pack it up, that’s the monotonous, horrible part. I hate packaging! I am very lucky because I have a woman who works with me who is very into that, and she literally produces the same amount as like two people, and she’s English and so she’s always got some funny, salty comment, so it’s great, it keeps everything interesting.

Any playlists or podcasts you use during production?

There are very few people who can talk and work at the same time. When (I) get music involved it’s basically my way of saying “shut up and focus,” but in a nice way. Keeps the energy going and most people like that.

How do you get new ideas and inspiration for your products?

I’m married to a copywriter who runs a small ad agency, so he’s throwing stuff out there all the time, so it’s not very difficult to get new ideas. It’s more of me picking from his giant list of ideas what I think is going to be appropriate.

How do you maintain the same enthusiasm you had when you first started La Petite Occasion?

I just really enjoy what I do, and I think one thing that I realized about myself, I am a perpetual tweaker, so I’m constantly trying to perfect the recipe, I’m always trying to change it. We now have a small distributor, so we have our products out there, which is a great thing for me, because it’s like oh good, now I get to tweak it, again, so it has the appropriate shelf life, because now we’ve got it going on trucks and stuff. I love to constantly update the product and try and make it better and more sustainable all the time. It can be exhausting, but that’s what I enjoy doing. So as long as I can do that I’m great, I’m happy.

 

Find Michèle online and order her products at lapetiteoccasion.com

Instagram: @lapetiteoccasion; Facebook: La Petite Occasion; Twitter: @Chefmlkim

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inner worlds, outer worlds

(originally published 3/16/18)

A couple of nights ago at the family table, we paid tribute the great Stephen Hawking, who had left this world in the wee hours of the morning, and whose magnitude we wanted to make sure the kids appreciated. We parents and the big girls got appropriately science-nerdy and then a bit existential as the discussion flowed from black holes to cosmic energy, to the notion of a holographic universe, and then on to Elon Musk’s assertion that we are living inside a computer simulation and that A.I. is really in control of us all.

The five-year-old, who would rather be building Legos than pretty much anything else, normally stages a complete shutdown during such discussions; talk about meerkats, Dinotrux, and Captain Underpants is more his speed. But on this occasion he got a thoughtful look on his face and waited politely to slip into the next gap in conversation.

“I used to live in the outer world,” he said. “And now I live in the inner world.”

We all fell silent, kind of spooked, waiting for him to throw open some goosebump-raising window onto a previous life—perhaps even provide a clue to an unknown realm. We urged him to dig deeper.

“I was in the outer world and then…and then you bought me from the monkey store and I’m in the inner world now.”

I’m not sure what the takeaway was from the conversation, but we shrugged and resumed enjoying the no-brainer chicken dish I’d put together on the fly moments before. It's a one-dish meal that will by no means solve the riddles of the universe, but it's kind of everything in our inner world, on a weeknight, when we don't feel like scrubbing more than one pan but we do feel like something warm, tangy, saucy, and restorative. It's amenable to infinite variations and can be prepped ahead, refrigerated in the pan, and pulled out when you're ready to roast. It's genius in its own right.

“It would not be much of a universe if it wasn’t home to the people you love.”
—Stephen Hawking

Recipe: One Pan Chicken with Lemons, Caperberries, Potatoes

Serves a family of 4-5

Ingredients:

  • 1 chicken, cut into 8 pieces

  • Extra-virgin olive oil

  • 2 leeks, including whites and all but the very toughest green parts, chopped fine

  • ½ lemon, cut into slices then quarters

  • 1 medium tomato, chopped

  • 8-10 whole giant caperberries, drained (you can substitute green olives)

  • 4-6 medium potatoes, cut into quarters or sixths (leave skins on if organic)

  • Splash of water

  • Sea salt and freshly ground pepper

Instructions: 

  1. Preheat oven to 400°. Pat chicken dry and season with salt and pepper. In a baking dish (or huge skillet) large enough to fit the chicken without crowding, spread out the leeks, sprinkle lightly with salt and pepper, then drizzle with olive oil. Next, add the lemons, potatoes, tomatoes, and caperberries. Splash a small amount of water (a few tablespoons) in the pan. Put the chicken pieces on top of everything so that none of the pieces are touching, and drizzle on some olive oil—a fairly generous amount.

  2. Bake the chicken, basting every 15 minutes or so with the cooking liquids that are generated, until the pieces are done and the top surfaces are nicely browned—about 40-50 minutes, but everyone's oven is different. (If you're not sure, cut into one of the thighs along the bone; if there's still blood the chicken could use some more time.)

  3. Serve hot, with the pan juices and a little of everything else, including the lemons.

Easy weeknight chicken

Easy weeknight chicken